Estrogen is one of the key sex hormones that is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. It is primarily produced in the ovaries and plays a vital role in the menstrual cycle, fertility, and overall health in those assigned female at birth.
What are the different types of estrogen?
The three major naturally occurring forms of estrogen in the body are:
- Estradiol - The most abundant and potent form that is produced by the ovaries.
- Estrone - A weaker form released by the ovaries and other tissues post-menopause.
- Estriol - The weakest form, produced mainly during pregnancy.
What are the functions of estrogen?
Some of the major functions of estrogen in the body include:
- Development of female reproductive organs - Estrogen is vital for the growth and maturation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina
- Regulation of menstrual cycle - It regulates the menstrual cycle changes such as thickening of the uterus lining, egg maturation and ovulation
- Maintaining bone density - Estrogen promotes increased deposit of calcium into bones making them dense and strong
- Regulating cholesterol - It raises HDL levels and lowers LDL levels to promote heart health
What happens when estrogen levels decline?
As women near menopause, the
ovaries gradually produce less estrogen causing several changes:
- Irregular and eventual stoppage of menstrual cycles
- Hot flashes
- Vaginal dryness
- Loss of bone density making them brittle and prone to fracture
- Adverse changes in cholesterol levels
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